Inhibition of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors improves histological and behavioral outcomes after experimental traumatic brain injury in rats

Release of large amounts adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a gliotransmitter, into the extracellular space by traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered to activate microglia followed release inflammatory cytokines resulting in excessive response that induces secondary injury. The present study investigated whether antagonists ATP receptors (P2X4 and/or P2X7) on are beneficial for reducing post‑injury leads injury, prognostic aggravation factor TBI. Adult male Sprague‑Dawley rats were subjected cortical contusion (CCI) and randomly assigned drug treatment conditions, as follows: i) No surgical intervention (naïve group); ii) dimethyl sulfoxide after CCI (CCI‑control iii) 5‑BDBD (antagonist P2X4 receptor) (CCI‑5‑BDBD iv) CCI‑AZ11645373 P2X7 (CCI‑AZ11645373 v) or AZ11645373 + group). In CCI‑5‑BDBD, CCI‑AZ11645373, CCI‑5‑BDBD groups, expression activated was suppressed ipsilateral cortex hippocampus 3 days CCI. Western blotting with ionized calcium‑binding adaptor molecule 1 antibody revealed administration reduced cytokine mRNA Furthermore, plus maze test, which reflects spatial memory function involves hippocampal function, showed improvement 28 hippocampus. These findings confirmed blocking receptors, central gliotransmission, suppresses microglial activation subsequent demonstrates potential an effective